Case markers
Major case markers are as follows. Nominative (subject) and accusative (object) markers are zero markers.
nominative | -Ø | [He] |
genitive | -Ø | [His] /of --- |
locative/ablative | -ux | from --- |
accusative | -Ø | [Him] |
allative | -doX | to --- |
allative | -doRo | until --- |
comitative | -gin | with --- |
instrumentive | -gir | by --- |
008. | hy | tav | -ux | azmc | hunvd |
demonstrative | N | locative | N | Vi. | |
this | house | in | man | live/lived | |
A man | lived | in | this | house. |
009. | azmc | k'er'q | -doX | vid |
N | N | allative | Vi. | |
man | sea | to | go/went | |
A man | went | to | the sea. |
010. |
azmc | k'er'q | -doRo | vid |
N | N | allative | Vi | |
man | sea | until | go/went | |
A man | went | until | the sea. |
011. | azmc | eRlng | -gin | r'angq | eRlng | -gin | hunvd | -ghun |
N | N | comitative | N | N | comitative | Vi | plural | |
male | child | with | female | child | with | live/lived | -s | |
A little | boy | and | a little | girl | lived | together. |
012. | azmc | p'uvng | -gir | qalmyr' | puvd |
N | N | instrumentive | N | Vt. | |
man | saw | by | wooden board | saw/sawed | |
A man | sawed | a wooden board | with | a saw. |